Vijayanagara Kingdom 1336 – 1580 AD
image source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire
The Sangamas 1336 – 1485 AD
The kingdom was founded in 1336 AD in response to the Tughlaq authority in South India
Vijayanagara Kingdom and the city was founded by Harihara I and Bukka sons of Sangamas
Harihara and Bukka were originally the feudatories of the Kakatiyas
They were brought to the center by Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq converted to Islam and were sent to South to control the rebellion but motivated by a Bhakti Saint Vidyaranya they reconverted into Hindu
They established the Vijayanagara kingdom in 1336 AD
Harihara I 1336-56 AD
Conflict with the Bahmani kingdom for supremacy over three areas
Raichur doab between Krishna and Tugabhadra (Krishna – Godavari Delta and Marathwada)
Bukka I 1356-79 AD
Renamed the city of Vidyanagar as Vijayanagara
The royal Ambassadors from Malabar and Ceylon adorned his court
Restored peace between the warring Vaishnavas and the Jains
Devraya – I 1406 – 22
He constructed a dam across the Tungavhadra to bring the canal into the city Italina traveler Nicolo Conti visited the kingdom during his reign
Srinatha was his court poet who wrote Haravilasam
There was a Pearl Hall in his palace where he honored the men of eminence
Devraya –II 1423-46 AD
- He was the greatest Sangama ruler
- The Commanders believed that he was an incarnation of Indra
- He wrote Mahanataka Suddhanidhi
- He took the tittle Ganga Betekara i.e. the elephant hunter
- Persian Ambassador Abdul Razzaq the envoy of Shahrukh visited his court
- The Sangama dynasty was replaced by Saluva dynasty which lasted for two decades
- The king was a scholar in Kannada and Sanskrit
The Saluvas 1486 – 1505 AD
Saluva Narsimha was the founder of the dynasty native of the Kalyam region. 1486-91 AD
Tirumal and Immadi Narasimha 1491-1505 AD
Ruled under the regency of Narsa Nayak
Vasco Da Gama came to India during the reign of Immadi in AD 1498
A new dynasty called the Tuluva dynasty was founded by Vir Narasimah
The Tuluvas 1505 – 1570 AD
Vira Narsimha 1505 – 09 AD
He killed Imadi of Saluva dynasty and estavlished the Tuluva dynasty
He was the son of Narsa Nayaka
Krishnadevaraya 1509-29 AD
- He was the greatest ruler of the dynasty
- He period was known as Golden Age of Telugu literature
- He was a warrior an administration and a patron of art and literature
- He defeated the Gajapati ruler of Orissa and took the title Yavanaraja Sthapnachya
- His political idea are contained in the Telugu book Amuktamalayada
- He also wrote Sanskriti drama Jambavati Kalyanama
- As a great patron of literature was known as Abhinava Bhoja, Andhra Pitamaha and Andhra Bhoja.
- Sri Vyasatirtha was his guru.
- He was a contemporary to Babur
Achyuta Raya 1529-42 AD
Succeeded Krishnadevaraya
Portuguese traveler Fernao Nuriz came during his reign
Sadasiva 1543-76 AD was the last ruler of the dynasty
Battle of Talikota 1565 AD
Between the alliance of Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda and Bidar at one side and Sadasiva on the other side
Sadasiva was defeated
Caesar Frederick the Portuguese traveler visited his court 1567-68 AD
The Aravidus 1570 – 1650 AD
The dynasty was founded by Thirumala, brother of Rama Ray
He shifted the capital to Penugonda and divided the empire into three linguistic sections.
Vijayanagara Architecture
Important temples at Hampi, Varadraja and Ekambarnatha temples at Kanchipuram, and Parvati temples at Chidambaram
The stories of Ramayana and Mahabharata were inscribed on the walls of the temples
Vibrant combination of Chalukyan, Hoysalan, Pandyan, and Cholan styles
Vijayanagara Society
Only empire in Medieval India which employed women in the services
Women even went to battles
Vijayanagara Trade
Accounts of Nuniz and Paes indicate a dependence on foreign trade for maintenance of the two most important vases of the Vijayanagara Empire the cavalry and its fire arms
Vijayanagara Coins
They issued gold coins called Varahas or Pagodas
Theses help us know that they were the worshipper’s of Vishnu
Bahmani Kingdom
The Bahmani kingdom of Deccan was founded by Hasan Gangu, whose original name was Ismail Mukh.
The capital was Gulbarga
Hasan Gangu took the title of Alauddin Hasan
Bahaman Shah 1347-58 AD
He became the first king of Bahmani in 1347 AD
At the time of his death his dominion had four provinces Gulbarga, Daulatavad, Berar and Bidar
Mahmud Shah I 1358-75 AD
He is son of Bahaman Shah, established a council consisting of eighr ministers and decentralized his provincial administration
He fought with Vijayanagara
He was succeeded by his son Ala-ud-din Mujahid Shah
Firoz Shah 1397-1422 AD
- He was the most remarkable figure in the bahmani Kingdom
- He was determine to make Deccan the cultural cemtre of India
- He inducted Hindus in his administration to large extent
- He built an observatory at Daulatabad
- He founded the city of Firozabad on the bank of river Bhima
- Firoz defeated Devaraya I
- Firoz Shah was succeded by his brother Ahmed Shah I 1422-36 AD
- He shifted his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar
- Ahmed Shah is known as Wali or saint due to his association with Gisudiraz
- Ahmed Shah was succeeded by his son Alauddin – II 1436-58 AD and Humayun
Humayun 1458-61 AD
He was so cruel that he got the title of Zalim
Humayun was succeeded by his son Nizam Shah 1461-63 and then by Muhammad Shah – II 1463-82 AD
Mahmud Gawan was the Prime Minister of Muhammad.
After Gawan’s execution by the discontented noble the Bahmani kingdom started declining
The last ruler of Bahmani kingdom was Kalim Ullah Shah 1524-27 AD
After the breakup of Bahmani kingdom five Muslim separate states were formed
- Nizam Shahis of Ahmednagar
- Adshahis of Bijapur 1490-1686 AD
- Imad Shahis of Berar 1490-1574 AD
- Qutub Shahis of Golconda 1518 -1687 AD
- Barid Shahis of Bidar 1528 – 1619 AD
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