States and UTs of India
Andhra Pradesh
Capital: Hyderabad (joint with Telangana)
Date of formation: 1st October 1953
(Reorganised in June 2014 by creating Telangana as a separate state)
State symbols:
Animal | Blackbuck |
Bird | Indian Roller |
Tree | Neem |
Neighbouring States/UTs:
Maharashtra, Odisha, Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu,
Sea – Bay of Bengal
- Visakhapatnam is the major port in the states
- Andhra Pradesh is India eighth largest state by area and 10th latest by population
- The Hyderabad Information Technology Engineering Consultancy City is the largest information technology park in India.
- It is called the Rice Bowl of India and egg bowl of Asia
- Andhra Pradesh has the second longest coastline of 972 km among the state of India
Arunachal Pradesh
Capital - Itanagar
Date of formation – 20th February 1987
State symbols -
Animal | Mithun |
Bird | Great Hornbill |
Tree | Hollong |
Flower | Fox tail Orchid |
Neighbouring States
Nagaland, Assam
Neighbouring Countries
Bhutan, Myanmar, China
- It is the Easternmost State of India
- Rajiv Gandhi University is the only university in the state
- Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Arunachal Pradesh and Jhum is practised
- Arunachal Pradesh is also known as land of the rising Sun in reference to its position as the Easternmost State of India
State – Assam
Capital – Dispur
Date of formation – 26th January 1950
State symbols
Animal | Indian one horned Rhino |
Bird | White wing Wood Duck |
Tree | Hollong |
Flower | Fox tail Orchid |
Neighbouring States
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya, Mizoram
Neighbouring Countries
Bhutan, Bangladesh
- Assan contributes about 15% of the world entire tea production
- Assam is surrounded by six of the other seven sister states Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya. These states are connected to the rest of India via a narrow strip in West Bengal called the Siliguri Corridor or Chicken Neck.
State – Bihar
Capital – Patna
Date of formation – 26th January 1950
State symbols -
Animal | Gaur |
Bird | Sparrow |
Tree | Peepal |
Flower | Marigold |
Neighbouring States
Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, West Bengal
Neighbouring Countries
Nepal
- After the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar. Bihar has become a mineral less state as the mineral rich belt has gone to Jharkhand
- Bihar is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size and 3rd largest by population
- According to census 2011 Bihar has lowest literacy rate 63.82%.
- Vardhamana Mahavira the 24th and the last Tirthankara of Jainism was born in Vaishali around 6th century BC.
State – Chhattisgarh
Capital – Raipur
Date of formation – 1st November 2000
State symbols -
Animal | Wild Buffalo |
Bird | Hill Myna |
Tree | Sal |
Neighbouring States
Maharashtra, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, , Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha
- 10th state in terms of area and 16th in terms of population
- More than 80% of the population depends on agriculture. But it is equally rich in mineral deposits
- It is an important electrical power and steel producing state of India
- Chhattisgarh is known for Kosa Silk and Lost Wax Art
State – Goa
Capital – Panaji
Date of formation – 30th May 1987
State symbols -
Animal | Gaur |
Bird | Ruby Throated Yellow Bulbul |
Tree | Matti |
Neighbouring States
Maharashtra, Karnataka
Sea – Arabian Sea
- Goa is the one of the favourite destination of tourists with its famous beaches
- Marmagao is the major port.
- It is the India’s smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population
- It also has rich flora and fauna owing to its location on the Western Ghats range which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot.
State – Gujarat
Capital - Gandhinagar
Date of formation – 1st May 1960
State symbols -
Animal | Asiatic Lion |
Bird | Great Flamingo |
Neighbouring States
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Sea – Pakistan Sea, Arabian Sea
- Gujarat is the main producer of groundnut and cotton
- Kandla port on the coast of Gulf of Kachchh lies in Gujarat only
- It has longest coastline of 1600 km
- Gujarat has the fastest growing economy in India
- It is also in e of the most industrialised states of India and has per capital GDP above the national average
State – Haryana
Capital – Chandigarh
Date of formation – 1st November 1966
State symbols -
Animal | Black Buck Antelope |
Bird | Black Francolin |
Tree | Peepal |
Flower | Lotus |
Neighbouring States
Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Chandigarh, Rajasthan, Delhi
- Panipat is called the Weaver City for its handloom products
- Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India
- Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the second largest contribution to India’s central pool of food grains
- Yamuna Nagar district is the largest industrial town wholly within Haryana. It has Asia largest paper mill belt and Asia largest sugar mill
- Yamuna Nagar has Asia’s largest timber industry an HPGCL thermal power plant and India’s largest railway work shop.
- Haryana has lowest sex ratio (877).
State – Himachal Pradesh
Capital - Shimla
Date of formation – 25th January 1971
State symbols -
Animal | Snow Leopard |
Bird | Western Tragopan |
Tree | Deodar |
Flower | Pink Rhododendron |
Neighbouring States
Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab
Neighbouring Countries
China
- Population is divided into five major groups the Gaddis, Kinners, Gujjars, Pangawals and Lahaulis
- Himachal Pradesh is known to be abundant in natural beauty
- The economy of the Himachal Pradesh is currently the third fastest growing economy in India
- Apples are the important fruits produced
State – Jammu Kashmir
Capital – Srinagar (summer) Jammu (winter)
Date of formation – 26th October 1947
State symbols -
Animal | Hangul |
Bird | Black necked crane |
Tree | Chinar |
Flower | Lotus |
Neighbouring States
Himachal Pradesh, Punjab
Neighbouring Countries
Pakistan, Afghanistan, China
- Jammu and Kashmir is called as the Paradise on Earth.
- Apart from agriculture people are involved in handicraft like carpet making shawl making wood carving etc.
- Ladakh also known as Little Tibet is renowned for its remote mountains beauty and Buddhist culture
State – Jharkhand
Capital – Ranchi
Date of formation – 15th November 2000
State symbols -
Animal | Elephant |
Bird | Koel |
Tree | Sal |
Flower | Palash |
Neighbouring States
Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal
- Jharkhand is also known as the storehouse of minerals. This is because it accounts for 37.5% of country coal reserve 22% of the iron ore, 40% of its copper, 90% of its mica and huge deposit of bauxite, quartz and ceramics.
- The name Jharkhand means The Land of Forests
- Jharkhand has a concentration of some of the country’s highly industrialised cities such as Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Bokaro Steel City and Dhanbad
State – Karnataka
Capital – Bengaluru
Date of formation – 1st November 1956
State symbols -
Animal | Elephant |
Bird | Indian Roller |
Tree | Sandal wood |
Flower | Lotus |
Neighbouring States
Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh
Sea – Arabian Sea
- Bengaluru is the most famous IT destination
- Karnataka is famous for lists sandal soap and sandal wood oil
- It stands first in the production of electronic equipment’s and raw silk
- New Mangalore is the major part
- Many of India’s premier science and technology research centres such as ISRO central Power Research Institute BEL and the Central Food Technological Research Institute are headquartered in Karnataka
State – Kerala
Capital – Thiruvananthapuram
Date of formation – 1st November 1956
State symbols -
Animal | Elephant |
Bird | Great Hornbill |
Tree | Coconut |
Flower | Kanikonna |
Neighbouring States
Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Tamil Nadu
- Kerala has highest literacy rate 93.9% and highest sex ratio 1084 in India
- Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India higher than the of most developed countries
- Kerala is very rich in cash crops especially spices
- Calicut, Cochin are the major ports
State - Madhya Pradesh
Capital – Bhopal
Date of formation – 1st November 1956
State symbols -
Animal | Swamp Deer |
Bird | Paradise Fly Catcher |
Neighbouring States
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh often called the heart of India is a state in Central India
- It is the second largest state by area and sixth largest state by population
- It is primarily an agricultural state
- Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve in Satpura range and Amarkantak Biosphere reserves ae two of the 18 biosphere reserves in India
State – Maharashtra
Capital – Mumbai
Date of formation – 1st May 1960
State symbols -
Animal | Giant Squirrel |
Bird | Green Imperial Pigeon |
Tree | Mango |
Flower | Jarul |
Neighbouring States
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Goa, Karnataka, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Chhattisgarh
Sea – Arabian Sea
- It is the second most populous after Utter Pradesh and third largest state by area
- It is the industrial powerhouse of India
- The world famous film industry Bollywood is in Maharashtra located in the economic capital of India Mumbai
- Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru port are the major ports
State - Manipur
Capital – Imphal
Date of formation – 21st January 1972
State symbols -
Animal | Sangai |
Bird | Mrs Hume’s Pheasant |
Tree | Uningthou |
Flower | Siroy Lilly |
Neighbouring States
Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam
Neighbouring Countries
Nagaland
- It is known for its rich biodiversity having a number of rare plants, trees and wildlife
- Agriculture is the major source of livelihood for the people
- There ae four type of forests found
- Tropical Semi Evergreen
- Dry Temperate Forest
- Sub-Tropical Pine
- Tropical Moist Deciduous
State – Meghalaya
Capital – Shillong
Date of formation – 2nd April 1970
State symbols -
Animal | Clouded Leopard |
Bird | Hill Myna |
Tree | Gamari |
Flower | Lady Slipper Orchid |
Neighbouring States
Assam
Neighbouring Countries
Bangladesh
- Meghalaya is one of the seven sister states of India
- The state of Meghalaya is also known as the Meghalaya plateau. It mainly consist of Archean rock formations. These rock formation contain rich deposit of valuable minerals like coal, limestone, uranium and sillimanite
- More than 70% of the area is under forest
- The wettest place in the world Mawsynram is in Meghalaya only (in Cherrapunji district)
State – Mizoram
Capital – Aizawl
Date of formation – 20th February 1967
State symbols -
Animal | Serow (Saza) |
Bird | Hume’s Bar tailed Pheasant |
Tree | Mesual Ferrea |
Flower | Dancing gul (Aiting) |
Neighbouring States
Manipur, Tripura, Assam
Neighbouring Countries
Myanmar
- It is one of the seven sister states in North eastern India
- Agriculture is the major occupation
- Jhum or shifting cultivation is still prevalent
- The biggest river in Mizoram is Chhimtuipi also known as Kaladan
- Phawngu Tlang also known as the Blue Mountain situated in the south eastern part of the state is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2210 m.
State – Nagaland
Capital – Kohima
Date of formation – 1st December 1963
State symbols -
Animal | Mithun |
Bird | Blyth’s Tragopan |
Tree | Alder |
Flower | Rhododendron |
Neighbouring States
Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
Neighbouring Countries
Myanmar
- Agriculture is the most important economic activity in Nagaland with more than 90% of the population employed in agriculture
- Nagaland is rich in flora and fauna. About one sixth of Nagaland is under the cover of tropical and sub-tropical evergreen forests including palms, bamboo and rattan a well as timber and mahogany forest
State – Odisha
Capital – Bhubaneswar
Date of formation – 1st November 1956
State symbols -
Animal | Sambar |
Bird | Blue Jay |
Tree | Aswattha |
Flower | Asoka |
Neighbouring States
Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal
- World longest dam, Hirakud(on Mahanadi) is in Odisha only
- Paradip is the major port in Odisha
- Agriculture based economy rice is the main crop. The Chilika Lake is brackish water lagoon located in the southern part of the Odisha coastal plains
State – Punjab
Capital – Chandigarh
Date of formation - 26th January 1950
State symbols -
Animal | Blackbuck |
Bird | Eastern Goshawk |
Tree | Sheesham |
Neighbouring States
Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana
Neighbouring Countries
Pakistan
- Agriculture is the largest occupation in Punjab. It is the largest single provider of Wheat to India
- Per hectare yield is maximum in Punjab
- Bhakra dam is the highest dam of India
- Punjab is the only state in India with a majority Sikh population
- Various small scale industries are operational in Punjab such as bicycle parts, sewing machine, hand tools and machine tools etc.
State – Rajasthan
Capital – Jaipur
Date of formation – 1st November 1956
State symbols -
Animal | Chinkara |
Bird | Great Indian Bustard |
Tree | Khejari |
Flower | Rohida |
Neighbouring States
Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh
Neighbouring Countries
Pakistan
- It is the largest state of India in terms of area
- Western Rajasthan is a desert region is a desert region (Thar) deserts
- Zinc, silver, lead, salt are found in abundance
State – Sikkim
Capital – Gangtok
Date of formation -16th May 1975
State symbols -
Animal | Red Panda |
Bird | Blood Pheasant |
Tree | Rhododendron Niveum |
Flower | Dendrobium Nobile Orchid |
Neighbouring States
West Bengal
Neighbouring Countries
China, Nepal, Bhutan
- It is the least population state in India and the second smallest in area after Goa
- It is a landlocked Indian state located in the Himalayan Mountains
- Sikkim is the only state in India with an ethnic Nepali majority
State – Tamil Nadu
Capital – Chennai
Date of formation -26th January 1950
State symbols -
Animal | Nilgiri Tahr |
Bird | Emerald Dove |
Tree | Palmera Palm |
Flower | Kandhal |
Neighbouring States
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Puducherry
Sea – Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean
Neighbouring Countries
Sri Lanka
- Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources
- Hindu temple of Dravidian architecture, hill station, and beach resorts multi religious pilgrim sites and UNESCO world heritage.
- Its economy depends largely on agriculture
- Major industries in Tamil Nadu are cotton textile, chemical fertilizers, paper and its products, diesel engine, iron and steel, railway wagons and coaches etc
State – Telangana
Capital – Hyderabad
Date of formation – 2nd June 2014
State symbols -
Animal | Seer |
Bird | Indian Roller |
Tree | Jammi |
Flower | Thangedu |
Neighbouring States
Chhattishgarh, Karnataka Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
- Two major peninsular rivers the Godavari and the Krishna drains the states. About two-third catchment area of both rivers lies in Telangana
- Important hub of art and culture as many historical places, fort, temples are situated
- Most of the population involved in agriculture as fertile land for agriculture is available
State – Tripura
Capital – Agartala
Date of formation – 21st January 1972
State symbols -
Animal | Phayre’s Langur |
Bird | Green Imperial Pigeon |
Tree | Agar |
Flower | Nageshwar |
Neighbouring States
Assam, Mizoram
Neighbouring Countries
Bangladesh
- It is the third smallest state of India
- It is an agriculture based state
- Tripura is a landlocked state in north eastern India
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