🌟 Bihar

Quick Facts About Bihar

📍 Location

Eastern India, bordering Nepal.

🏛️ Capital

Patna — ancient historic city.

🗣️ Languages

Hindi, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magahi.

👥 Population

12+ crore (approx.).

🌾 Major Rivers

Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, Son.

⭐ Famous For

Bodh Gaya, Nalanda, Chhath Puja.

History of Bihar

🏺 Ancient Era

Magadha kingdom, Maurya & Gupta empires.

🕉️ Origin of Religions

Buddhism (Bodh Gaya) and Jainism (Vaishali).

🏰 Medieval Period

Under Delhi Sultanate & Mughals.

🇮🇳 Modern Period

Important in freedom struggle; state formed in 1912.

Geography of Bihar

🌍 Physical Features

Indo-Gangetic plains with fertile soil.

🌧️ Climate

Tropical monsoon with hot summers.

🌊 Kosi River

“Sorrow of Bihar” due to floods.

🌱 Soil Type

Mainly alluvial — good for crops.

Administrative Structure

Unit	Details
Divisions	9
Districts	38
Major Cities	Patna, Gaya, Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga

Culture & Heritage

🎉 Festivals

Chhath Puja, Sonepur Mela.

🍲 Food

Litti-Chokha, Khaja, Thekua.

🎨 Art

Madhubani painting, folk music.

🎓 Education

Nalanda University — ancient center of learning.

Economy Overview

🚜 Agriculture

Rice, wheat, maize, pulses.

🏭 Industries

Sugar mills, silk (Bhagalpur), handloom.

🚆 Infrastructure

Roads, bridges & rail rapidly improving.

🧭 Workforce

Large youthful population; migration common.

Major Tourist Places

🛕 Bodh Gaya

Mahabodhi Temple, UNESCO site.

📚 Nalanda

Ancient university ruins.

🏯 Rajgir

Ropeway, Vishwa Shanti Stupa.

🐅 Valmiki Tiger Reserve

Bihar’s only tiger reserve.

Bihar Geography: Quick Facts, Location & Capital for UPSC